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Texas Youth and Government

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Nutty Negligence:A Recipe for Disaster

By Alana Dixon
February 28, 2025

This morning, devastation and tension are in the air. A case is underway regarding the legal responsibilities of Herb’s Haven restaurant and the food delivery service BiteBuddy. This tragic incident involves Hazel Nutterson, a young girl with a known peanut allergy, despite her mother explicitly noting Hazel’s severe peanut allergy in the special instructions, raising critical questions of human error and accountability.

Wanda Waffle, Hazel’s mother, is being devoured by grief and regret. Having carefully managed Hazel’s allergy since her early childhood diagnosis, Wanda thoroughly checked food labels and communicated dietary restrictions to ensure her daughter’s safety. However, that evening her life would change forever. Overwhelmed by the chaos of her daily life, Wanda neglected to ensure that Hazel had her EpiPen, something she had left at her daughter’s friend’s house, Presley—a critical oversight that could have prevented the outcome. This leaves Wanda tormented by the dreadful question: Did her momentary distraction contribute to the death of her daughter? Is this a case of negligent parent, driver or restaurant?

The roots of this tragedy extend beyond Wanda’s oversight. Pepper Mint, the BiteBuddy delivery driver, revealed during his testimony that he failed to listen to the company’s five-step protocol, designed to verify and communicate dietary restrictions. Although he saw the note, he did not relay the information to the restaurant, a breach that led to this fatal error. This promotes a search and an examination of the accountability of third-party delivery services. Moreover, Herb’s Haven shares some of the responsibility. Head chef Basil Sage testified on the restaurant’s procedures for food allergies. He shared that staff training and protocols are in place to prevent cross-contamination.

Despite these measures, the instruction regarding Hazel’s food was either overlooked or disregarded, resulting in the preparation of a dish that caused a life to be lost.

In a decisive conclusion to this trial, the judge ruled that Pepper Mint, the BiteBuddy delivery driver, was at fault.

The court decided that Mint’s failure to follow the established protocols and communicate the information about this allergy is enough to be blamed for his negligence, which directly led to this tragic outcome.

The Road to Kalahari: Through the Eyes of High-Schoolers

Austin, TX – As the Youth and Government participants boarded the bus to Kalahari, the air buzzed with anticipation. For many, this trip was the start of a new experience- an opportunity to debate, legislate, and bond with other students who share similar interests.

The journey was a long 3 hour ride, filled with anticipation and nervous laughter. During the trip, Noah Dinh, a junior from Glenda Dawson Highschool, utilized his time to practice “game plan” for their mock trials. “I want this to be more than pretend, I want to become the character,” he said. “It’s my second time competing at State, and I want us to lock in. Better than last year.”

Others adopted a more casual attitude, viewing the trip as an opportunity to relax before the intensity of the conference. “To be honest, the bus ride is my favorite part,” said Dawson junior William Britton. “We get to chill, sleep, and just talk to each other the entire time! Plus the Bucc-ee trips.”
Several buses were filled with study sessions, with students quizzing one another on each of their roles, arguments in court, and bill presentation. “It’s nice to see how dedicated they are,” noted advisor Mr. Tylan. “Even on the bus, they’re preparing to give it their all to the conference.”

And naturally, no several-hour-long bus ride would be complete without snacks and tunes. A trip to Bucc-ees gave the students a fun trip grab lunch the as a playlist that streamed Kendrick Lamar set everyone in the right mood. “It’s all about the vibe,” joked David Ci, a returning delegate. “A good playlist makes or breaks the ride.” In between rounds of quizzing, gaming, and loud sing-alongs, the experience was one in itself. “It’s moments like these that make these trips worthwhile,” said Madison Trang. “It’s not all about testing; it’s about the friends and experiences that took place.”

Before the buses arrived at Kalahari, the students were tired but prepared for what was coming. With the last notes in practice and bus hang-outs, the trip had created just the proper groundwork for the future of an exciting YG experience.

(Traveling to Kalahari, students of Youth and Government practice their mock trials and quiz each other in a fun and simplistic way.)

By: Emma Hoang Glenda Dawson Highschool

Final Preparations: How YG Mock Trial Teams Get Ready For The Courtroom

Austin, TX – The moments leading up to a Mock Trial round at the Texas Youth and Government (YG) State Conference are filled with a mix of nerves, last-minute strategy adjustments, and intense preparation. As teams step into the courtroom, every second counts in perfecting their case and anticipating their opponent’s arguments. For many, preparation starts long before the conference, but the final minutes before trial are crucial. Delegates can be seen huddled in groups, flipping through binders filled with case law, objections, and witness statements. “Right before the trial, we run through our direct and cross-examinations one last time,” said Sophia Nguyen, a student attorney from the Houston Delegation. “It’s all about making sure we sound confident and clear in front of the judges.”

A major part of last-minute prep involves moot court-style drills, where teams fire off rapid objections and refine their responses under pressure. “Objections can make or break a case,” said Noah Dinh, a Mock Trial veteran competing in his third YG conference. “We practice how to respond quickly and stay composed no matter what the opposing team throws at us.” Beyond legal strategy, mental preparation is just as important. Some delegates take a few moments to gather their thoughts, while others listen to music or say affirmation to themselves for confidence.

(Houston Delegates at YG state discussing their lines for their roles in their mock trial)

“I always take a deep breath and remind myself: We’ve worked hard for this,” said Elizabeth Kim, a student witness. “Once we start, the nerves fade, and it’s all about the case.” As teams walk into the courtroom, all their preparation comes down to this: a battle of logic, persuasion, and strategy. Whether they’re arguing for the plaintiff or the defense, Mock Trial participants know that their success isn’t just about knowing the law—it’s about how well they think on their feet, respond to challenges, and present their case with confidence.

By: Madison Trang Glenda Dawson Highschool

The Kalahari Experience

Austin, TX – As members of Youth and Government (YG) get set for the long-awaited Texas YG State Conference at Kalahari Resorts, excitement is on a fever level. For these students, the experience is one of not only being able to showcase talents but also one of encountering like-minded peers from around the state in a unique circumstance. This year, delegations from across Texas—including Glenda Dawson Delegation and Austin YG—are preparing for an intense yet rewarding experience. Students will take part in a variety of programs, including Legislative, Judicial, and Media, each offering a hands-on approach to civic engagement. “I’ve been looking forward to Kalahari all year,” said Lia Fortez, a first-time participant in the Legislative program. “It’s my first time to debate on such a large platform, but I know I’m going to have a great time.”

Returning delegates don’t find it just competitive but also friend-making and memory-making at Kalahari’s conference. “Kalahari makes the conference special,” testified William Britton, a seasoned Mock Trial participant. “By day, we labor, but evenings we can relax and bond with our delegations.” Some of the participants use the resort amenities, relaxing at the world-famous indoor water park after a long day arguing, on trial, and presenting. The excitement at Kalahari is undeniable, as students buzz about discussing pending bills, court cases, and crafting breaking news stories throughout the Media program

Delegates to the House and Senate will debate bills related to major issues, while Judicial members will head to the courtroom to present their arguments to volunteer judges. All the while, students within the Media program will bring the action to life, reporting on the most important moments of the conference. As buses pull up and students step into the grand halls of Kalahari, the competition is real. Whether preparing for hot debates in the House and Senate, making arguments in court,nor reporting on big events in the Media program, competitors are ready to leave their mark on Texas YG 2025.

By: Madison Trang Glenda Dawson Highschool

Duncanville’s Legacy of Leadership: Preston Lee Ignites the 78th Texas Youth and Government Conference

Duncanville’s Legacy of Leadership: Preston Lee Ignites the 78th Texas Youth and Government Conference

By Naomi Alexander

AUSTIN, TX – On Thursday, February 27th, the 78th Texas Youth and Government (YAG) Conference opened with an inspiring speech from none other than Preston Lee, the newly elected Youth Governor and a proud member of Duncanville High School’s premier YAG chapter. Lee’s speech, centered around the conference theme, “The Beginning of Democracy,” set the tone for a weekend dedicated to debate, legislation, and civic engagement.

With a historical journey that stretched from ancient Athens to modern-day America, Lee reminded the delegates that democracy is not simply inherited—it must be nurtured and actively defended. “Democracy thrives when people participate, when voices are heard, and when justice prevails,” he declared, challenging his fellow delegates to embrace their roles as the future leaders of the nation.

Duncanville’s Reign in Youth and Government

Duncanville High School has long been a powerhouse in the Texas Youth and Government program, earning the prestigious Premier Delegation title for ten consecutive years. Under the guidance of seasoned advisor Mr. Cain, the program has built a reputation for excellence, discipline, and an unrelenting drive to win.

“We don’t just go to go—we go to win,” Cain said in an interview. His philosophy of setting high standards has shaped Duncanville’s YAG legacy, producing countless distinguished delegates and elected officials. Cain, a self-proclaimed competitor, finds immense pride in watching his students succeed on the grand stage. “Winning an election is always special. Seeing the hard work students put in and then watching them get elected—it’s an incredible feeling.”

Preston Lee’s Historic Run

Lee’s journey to Youth Governor was no easy feat. Unlike past Duncanville candidates, he faced stiff competition, making his victory even more rewarding. Cain compared Lee’s campaign to that of past YAG legend Sharif Long, who won with nearly 90% of the vote. “Sharif was YAG royalty—he never lost a debate, was a Distinguished Delegate every year, and dominated at CONA. Preston had to fight harder, but that makes the win even sweeter.”

Now, as the face of Texas YAG, Lee carries the weight of responsibility. His opening address was more than just words—it was a call to action. He urged delegates to take ownership of democracy, to view it not as a distant ideal but as a living responsibility. “In every debate, every court case, every session, we must remind ourselves of the beginnings of democracy and commit to ensuring it serves us all,” he stated.

A Legacy That Continues

Duncanville’s impact on Youth and Government extends beyond its victories. It has created a culture of leadership that continues to shape the future of the program. With Lee at the helm, the chapter’s influence has reached new heights, further solidifying its place in YAG history.

As the conference unfolds, all eyes will be on Lee and the Duncanville delegation. If history is any indication, they won’t just participate—they’ll leave a lasting mark.

Duncanville’s Legacy of Leadership: Preston Lee Ignites the 78th Texas Youth and Government Conference

By Naomi Alexander

 AUSTIN, TX – On Thursday, February 27th, the 78th Texas Youth and Government (YAG) Conference opened with an inspiring speech from none other than Preston Lee, the newly elected Youth Governor and a proud member of Duncanville High School’s premier YAG chapter. Lee’s speech, centered around the conference theme, “The Beginning of Democracy,” set the tone for a weekend dedicated to debate, legislation, and civic engagement.
With a historical journey that stretched from ancient Athens to modern-day America, Lee reminded the delegates that democracy is not simply inherited—it must be nurtured and actively defended. “Democracy thrives when people participate, when voices are heard, and when justice prevails,” he declared, challenging his fellow delegates to embrace their roles as the future leaders of the nation.

Duncanville’s Reign in Youth and Government 

Duncanville High School has long been a powerhouse in the Texas Youth and Government program, earning the prestigious Premier Delegation title for ten consecutive years. Under the guidance of seasoned advisor Mr. Cain, the program has built a reputation for excellence, discipline, and an unrelenting drive to win.
“We don’t just go to go—we go to win,” Cain said in an interview. His philosophy of setting high standards has shaped Duncanville’s YAG legacy, producing countless distinguished delegates and elected officials. Cain, a self-proclaimed competitor, finds immense pride in watching his students succeed on the grand stage. “Winning an election is always special. Seeing the hard work students put in and then watching them get elected—it’s an incredible feeling.”

Preston Lee’s Historic Run 

Lee’s journey to Youth Governor was no easy feat. Unlike past Duncanville candidates, he faced stiff competition, making his victory even more rewarding. Cain compared Lee’s campaign to that of past YAG legend Sharif Long, who won with nearly 90% of the vote. “Sharif was YAG royalty—he never lost a debate, was a Distinguished Delegate every year, and dominated at CONA. Preston had to fight harder, but that makes the win even sweeter.”
Now, as the face of Texas YAG, Lee carries the weight of responsibility. His opening address was more than just words—it was a call to action. He urged delegates to take ownership of democracy, to view it not as a distant ideal but as a living responsibility. “In every debate, every court case, every session, we must remind ourselves of the beginnings of democracy and commit to ensuring it serves us all,” he stated.

A Legacy That Continues 

Duncanville’s impact on Youth and Government extends beyond its victories. It has created a culture of leadership that continues to shape the future of the program. With Lee at the helm, the chapter’s influence has reached new heights, further solidifying its place in YAG history.
As the conference unfolds, all eyes will be on Lee and the Duncanville delegation. If history is any indication, they won’t just participate—they’ll leave a lasting mark.

What is Mock Trial Up To at the District Conference?

By: Elijah DeBusk

During the Youth and Government district meet the trial teams are hard at work trying to
prove that their “side” is right whether that be the prosecution or the defense. During the weeks
leading up to the District meet the trial teams were working on their case. They were writing
questions for their witnesses or they were making questions to ask the opposing teams
witnesses and they were learning the in’s and the out’s of the case so that they were properly
prepared.

At the meet we took some interviews with some of the people from the LASA trial team.
When we were doing the interviews we took time to ask some important questions about their
case. One of the people we had the privilege of interviewing was Anthony Soliz. Anthony told
me about his case “Nutty Negligence” , the first question I asked is a summary of the case and he
said that “the case is around a person named Hazel Nutterson who died of anaphylactic shock
because of a peanut allergy when she ate a dish from a restaurant after she had stated that she
is allergic to peanuts.”. After he gave me the basic information about the case I asked him how
his trials have gone so far today and he started that “ he said that his first one went not to good”
and then I asked him why he said that which he responded with “he said his lawyers could have
done a little bit better with objections”. The last few questions I asked him was about what he
found hard in the case and he said “having to memorize all of the information that he was given”
What he said shows even with lots of preparation it is still hard to be completely prepared and
that you have to be flexible with what happens.

From Grief to Action: Wanda Waffle’s Legal Battle

A tragic death of 15-year-old Hazel Nutterson led to a widowed mother, Wanda Waffle, suing Herb Salt in the case of negligence and bodily harm against her daughter.

“When I read Wanda Waffle’s affidavit, I felt really sad,” Aminia Bhuyan said. “I understood her perspective. You have to understand their character, understand their perspective, like their side of the story, and convey emotions because that’s also impactful.”

Aminia is on the defense side for Wanda Waffle.

“She’s the mother, and she lost her 15-year-old daughter, Hazel Nutterson. She had no support because her husband died in a car accident when Hazel was nine—then you have to think about how she’s aware of Hazel’s allergies, but she knew that her daughter was passionate about becoming a pediatrician.”

When going into a mock trial, it is important to convey your character and really appeal to the emotions of the judge, just as a normal witness would.

“You need to present yourself with confidence to the other team because they’ve never seen you before, so you need to present yourself as someone who’s confident, someone who knows what they’re doing even if you don’t,” Mykaila Jackson said.

In this case, Herb Salt and Pepper Mint are involved.

“Herb is being perceived as someone who is irresponsible and negligent, and for Pepper Mint, she’s not viewed in a good light because she delivered the food to Hazel Nutterson and she didn’t double-check,” Jackson said.

This is a tragic case of a mother who simply had not enough time on her hands, someone who lost both of her beloved family members to things that were out of her control.

“Wanda Waffle is defending her daughter who tragically passed away recently,” Bhuyan said.

By Marley Nervais

Dress to Impress The Court: How YG Dress Code Requirements Affect Student’s Professionalism

The YMCA TX Youth and Government program aims to allow students to gain experience in government-related fields through mock trials. Participants will embody all roles of the court, including dressing the part. At YG district and state conferences, students are expected to dress as business professionals. This includes blazers, dress pants, ties, heels, and other clothing items that fit business attire. Although the dress code might be challenging for some students, attorney Violet Mann feels otherwise. “I love having to dress business professional, it brings me so much joy to walk into these competitions every year and see everyone dressed so professionally,” Mann said. She also added that dressing nicely can directly affect student performance at conferences. “I perform a lot better when I’m dressed the part, so I think that mandating this dress code impacts how seriously students take their cases,” said Mann. Attorney Janethza Ortega feels similarly. “I think [the dress code] affects the students in a good way because it helps you get into the role that you’re playing, and contributes to the overall professional environment,” Ortega stated.

By: Gracie Nelson, Liberal Arts Science Academy

Teamwork Makes the Trial Work

Two sophomore attorneys shed light on the mock trial experience.
By Edy Wang, LASA High

Strict time constraints, introducing evidence, hearsay, impeachment; these and much more are all aspects that attorneys must juggle at once. For each Youth and Government Trial Court team, there are two attorneys, one representing defense and the other representing the plaintiff. This will be both Defense Attorney Diya Darshan and Plaintiff Attorney Bailey Williamson’s second year in Youth and Government. Diya has been an attorney both years while this is Bailey’s first time being an attorney, as she was an expert witness last year. For this season’s Nutty Negligence case, the defense will be representing Herb Salt, owner of the restaurant Herb’s Haven, and the plaintiff will be representing Wanda Waffle, a caring mother whose daughter with a deadly peanut allergy died from anaphylactic shock after eating from Herb’s Haven.

“It’s a very thrilling thing, especially in the moment.” — Diya Darshan

After closely reviewing the case, Diya and Bailey each have to come up with an argument for their respective clients. This must be done as soon as the YG season starts so that they will have time to comb through every affidavit and piece of evidence to start building their case. During competitions, attorneys open their arguments with their pre-written opening statements, introducing the court to their arguments and their perspective of the case. Then, one by one, attorneys call each of their three witnesses to stand for questioning and cross examine the witnesses of the other side of the case.

“The stressful part is whenever you have to respond to objections because there’s a very specific response that the judge is looking for.” — Bailey Williamson

During the entire trial, Diya and Bailey must carefully look for holes in their opponents arguments and respond to objections to their own case. After every witness has been thoroughly questioned, they will close their arguments with a closing statement, swaying the judge with an emotional retelling of the case, and then rest their case.

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