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Nutty Negligence:A Recipe for Disaster

By Alana Dixon
February 28, 2025

This morning, devastation and tension are in the air. A case is underway regarding the legal responsibilities of Herb’s Haven restaurant and the food delivery service BiteBuddy. This tragic incident involves Hazel Nutterson, a young girl with a known peanut allergy, despite her mother explicitly noting Hazel’s severe peanut allergy in the special instructions, raising critical questions of human error and accountability.

Wanda Waffle, Hazel’s mother, is being devoured by grief and regret. Having carefully managed Hazel’s allergy since her early childhood diagnosis, Wanda thoroughly checked food labels and communicated dietary restrictions to ensure her daughter’s safety. However, that evening her life would change forever. Overwhelmed by the chaos of her daily life, Wanda neglected to ensure that Hazel had her EpiPen, something she had left at her daughter’s friend’s house, Presley—a critical oversight that could have prevented the outcome. This leaves Wanda tormented by the dreadful question: Did her momentary distraction contribute to the death of her daughter? Is this a case of negligent parent, driver or restaurant?

The roots of this tragedy extend beyond Wanda’s oversight. Pepper Mint, the BiteBuddy delivery driver, revealed during his testimony that he failed to listen to the company’s five-step protocol, designed to verify and communicate dietary restrictions. Although he saw the note, he did not relay the information to the restaurant, a breach that led to this fatal error. This promotes a search and an examination of the accountability of third-party delivery services. Moreover, Herb’s Haven shares some of the responsibility. Head chef Basil Sage testified on the restaurant’s procedures for food allergies. He shared that staff training and protocols are in place to prevent cross-contamination.

Despite these measures, the instruction regarding Hazel’s food was either overlooked or disregarded, resulting in the preparation of a dish that caused a life to be lost.

In a decisive conclusion to this trial, the judge ruled that Pepper Mint, the BiteBuddy delivery driver, was at fault.

The court decided that Mint’s failure to follow the established protocols and communicate the information about this allergy is enough to be blamed for his negligence, which directly led to this tragic outcome.

The Road to Kalahari: Through the Eyes of High-Schoolers

Austin, TX – As the Youth and Government participants boarded the bus to Kalahari, the air buzzed with anticipation. For many, this trip was the start of a new experience- an opportunity to debate, legislate, and bond with other students who share similar interests.

The journey was a long 3 hour ride, filled with anticipation and nervous laughter. During the trip, Noah Dinh, a junior from Glenda Dawson Highschool, utilized his time to practice “game plan” for their mock trials. “I want this to be more than pretend, I want to become the character,” he said. “It’s my second time competing at State, and I want us to lock in. Better than last year.”

Others adopted a more casual attitude, viewing the trip as an opportunity to relax before the intensity of the conference. “To be honest, the bus ride is my favorite part,” said Dawson junior William Britton. “We get to chill, sleep, and just talk to each other the entire time! Plus the Bucc-ee trips.”
Several buses were filled with study sessions, with students quizzing one another on each of their roles, arguments in court, and bill presentation. “It’s nice to see how dedicated they are,” noted advisor Mr. Tylan. “Even on the bus, they’re preparing to give it their all to the conference.”

And naturally, no several-hour-long bus ride would be complete without snacks and tunes. A trip to Bucc-ees gave the students a fun trip grab lunch the as a playlist that streamed Kendrick Lamar set everyone in the right mood. “It’s all about the vibe,” joked David Ci, a returning delegate. “A good playlist makes or breaks the ride.” In between rounds of quizzing, gaming, and loud sing-alongs, the experience was one in itself. “It’s moments like these that make these trips worthwhile,” said Madison Trang. “It’s not all about testing; it’s about the friends and experiences that took place.”

Before the buses arrived at Kalahari, the students were tired but prepared for what was coming. With the last notes in practice and bus hang-outs, the trip had created just the proper groundwork for the future of an exciting YG experience.

(Traveling to Kalahari, students of Youth and Government practice their mock trials and quiz each other in a fun and simplistic way.)

By: Emma Hoang Glenda Dawson Highschool

Final Preparations: How YG Mock Trial Teams Get Ready For The Courtroom

Austin, TX – The moments leading up to a Mock Trial round at the Texas Youth and Government (YG) State Conference are filled with a mix of nerves, last-minute strategy adjustments, and intense preparation. As teams step into the courtroom, every second counts in perfecting their case and anticipating their opponent’s arguments. For many, preparation starts long before the conference, but the final minutes before trial are crucial. Delegates can be seen huddled in groups, flipping through binders filled with case law, objections, and witness statements. “Right before the trial, we run through our direct and cross-examinations one last time,” said Sophia Nguyen, a student attorney from the Houston Delegation. “It’s all about making sure we sound confident and clear in front of the judges.”

A major part of last-minute prep involves moot court-style drills, where teams fire off rapid objections and refine their responses under pressure. “Objections can make or break a case,” said Noah Dinh, a Mock Trial veteran competing in his third YG conference. “We practice how to respond quickly and stay composed no matter what the opposing team throws at us.” Beyond legal strategy, mental preparation is just as important. Some delegates take a few moments to gather their thoughts, while others listen to music or say affirmation to themselves for confidence.

(Houston Delegates at YG state discussing their lines for their roles in their mock trial)

“I always take a deep breath and remind myself: We’ve worked hard for this,” said Elizabeth Kim, a student witness. “Once we start, the nerves fade, and it’s all about the case.” As teams walk into the courtroom, all their preparation comes down to this: a battle of logic, persuasion, and strategy. Whether they’re arguing for the plaintiff or the defense, Mock Trial participants know that their success isn’t just about knowing the law—it’s about how well they think on their feet, respond to challenges, and present their case with confidence.

By: Madison Trang Glenda Dawson Highschool

The Kalahari Experience

Austin, TX – As members of Youth and Government (YG) get set for the long-awaited Texas YG State Conference at Kalahari Resorts, excitement is on a fever level. For these students, the experience is one of not only being able to showcase talents but also one of encountering like-minded peers from around the state in a unique circumstance. This year, delegations from across Texas—including Glenda Dawson Delegation and Austin YG—are preparing for an intense yet rewarding experience. Students will take part in a variety of programs, including Legislative, Judicial, and Media, each offering a hands-on approach to civic engagement. “I’ve been looking forward to Kalahari all year,” said Lia Fortez, a first-time participant in the Legislative program. “It’s my first time to debate on such a large platform, but I know I’m going to have a great time.”

Returning delegates don’t find it just competitive but also friend-making and memory-making at Kalahari’s conference. “Kalahari makes the conference special,” testified William Britton, a seasoned Mock Trial participant. “By day, we labor, but evenings we can relax and bond with our delegations.” Some of the participants use the resort amenities, relaxing at the world-famous indoor water park after a long day arguing, on trial, and presenting. The excitement at Kalahari is undeniable, as students buzz about discussing pending bills, court cases, and crafting breaking news stories throughout the Media program

Delegates to the House and Senate will debate bills related to major issues, while Judicial members will head to the courtroom to present their arguments to volunteer judges. All the while, students within the Media program will bring the action to life, reporting on the most important moments of the conference. As buses pull up and students step into the grand halls of Kalahari, the competition is real. Whether preparing for hot debates in the House and Senate, making arguments in court,nor reporting on big events in the Media program, competitors are ready to leave their mark on Texas YG 2025.

By: Madison Trang Glenda Dawson Highschool

Duncanville’s Legacy of Leadership: Preston Lee Ignites the 78th Texas Youth and Government Conference

Duncanville’s Legacy of Leadership: Preston Lee Ignites the 78th Texas Youth and Government Conference

By Naomi Alexander

AUSTIN, TX – On Thursday, February 27th, the 78th Texas Youth and Government (YAG) Conference opened with an inspiring speech from none other than Preston Lee, the newly elected Youth Governor and a proud member of Duncanville High School’s premier YAG chapter. Lee’s speech, centered around the conference theme, “The Beginning of Democracy,” set the tone for a weekend dedicated to debate, legislation, and civic engagement.

With a historical journey that stretched from ancient Athens to modern-day America, Lee reminded the delegates that democracy is not simply inherited—it must be nurtured and actively defended. “Democracy thrives when people participate, when voices are heard, and when justice prevails,” he declared, challenging his fellow delegates to embrace their roles as the future leaders of the nation.

Duncanville’s Reign in Youth and Government

Duncanville High School has long been a powerhouse in the Texas Youth and Government program, earning the prestigious Premier Delegation title for ten consecutive years. Under the guidance of seasoned advisor Mr. Cain, the program has built a reputation for excellence, discipline, and an unrelenting drive to win.

“We don’t just go to go—we go to win,” Cain said in an interview. His philosophy of setting high standards has shaped Duncanville’s YAG legacy, producing countless distinguished delegates and elected officials. Cain, a self-proclaimed competitor, finds immense pride in watching his students succeed on the grand stage. “Winning an election is always special. Seeing the hard work students put in and then watching them get elected—it’s an incredible feeling.”

Preston Lee’s Historic Run

Lee’s journey to Youth Governor was no easy feat. Unlike past Duncanville candidates, he faced stiff competition, making his victory even more rewarding. Cain compared Lee’s campaign to that of past YAG legend Sharif Long, who won with nearly 90% of the vote. “Sharif was YAG royalty—he never lost a debate, was a Distinguished Delegate every year, and dominated at CONA. Preston had to fight harder, but that makes the win even sweeter.”

Now, as the face of Texas YAG, Lee carries the weight of responsibility. His opening address was more than just words—it was a call to action. He urged delegates to take ownership of democracy, to view it not as a distant ideal but as a living responsibility. “In every debate, every court case, every session, we must remind ourselves of the beginnings of democracy and commit to ensuring it serves us all,” he stated.

A Legacy That Continues

Duncanville’s impact on Youth and Government extends beyond its victories. It has created a culture of leadership that continues to shape the future of the program. With Lee at the helm, the chapter’s influence has reached new heights, further solidifying its place in YAG history.

As the conference unfolds, all eyes will be on Lee and the Duncanville delegation. If history is any indication, they won’t just participate—they’ll leave a lasting mark.

Duncanville’s Legacy of Leadership: Preston Lee Ignites the 78th Texas Youth and Government Conference

By Naomi Alexander

 AUSTIN, TX – On Thursday, February 27th, the 78th Texas Youth and Government (YAG) Conference opened with an inspiring speech from none other than Preston Lee, the newly elected Youth Governor and a proud member of Duncanville High School’s premier YAG chapter. Lee’s speech, centered around the conference theme, “The Beginning of Democracy,” set the tone for a weekend dedicated to debate, legislation, and civic engagement.
With a historical journey that stretched from ancient Athens to modern-day America, Lee reminded the delegates that democracy is not simply inherited—it must be nurtured and actively defended. “Democracy thrives when people participate, when voices are heard, and when justice prevails,” he declared, challenging his fellow delegates to embrace their roles as the future leaders of the nation.

Duncanville’s Reign in Youth and Government 

Duncanville High School has long been a powerhouse in the Texas Youth and Government program, earning the prestigious Premier Delegation title for ten consecutive years. Under the guidance of seasoned advisor Mr. Cain, the program has built a reputation for excellence, discipline, and an unrelenting drive to win.
“We don’t just go to go—we go to win,” Cain said in an interview. His philosophy of setting high standards has shaped Duncanville’s YAG legacy, producing countless distinguished delegates and elected officials. Cain, a self-proclaimed competitor, finds immense pride in watching his students succeed on the grand stage. “Winning an election is always special. Seeing the hard work students put in and then watching them get elected—it’s an incredible feeling.”

Preston Lee’s Historic Run 

Lee’s journey to Youth Governor was no easy feat. Unlike past Duncanville candidates, he faced stiff competition, making his victory even more rewarding. Cain compared Lee’s campaign to that of past YAG legend Sharif Long, who won with nearly 90% of the vote. “Sharif was YAG royalty—he never lost a debate, was a Distinguished Delegate every year, and dominated at CONA. Preston had to fight harder, but that makes the win even sweeter.”
Now, as the face of Texas YAG, Lee carries the weight of responsibility. His opening address was more than just words—it was a call to action. He urged delegates to take ownership of democracy, to view it not as a distant ideal but as a living responsibility. “In every debate, every court case, every session, we must remind ourselves of the beginnings of democracy and commit to ensuring it serves us all,” he stated.

A Legacy That Continues 

Duncanville’s impact on Youth and Government extends beyond its victories. It has created a culture of leadership that continues to shape the future of the program. With Lee at the helm, the chapter’s influence has reached new heights, further solidifying its place in YAG history.
As the conference unfolds, all eyes will be on Lee and the Duncanville delegation. If history is any indication, they won’t just participate—they’ll leave a lasting mark.

Bill Passed to Make Election Day a Holiday 

By: Arav Sachan, Dripping Springs High School

A proposal to make each federal election day a state holiday passed Saturday at the 2024 YMCA Youth & Government District Conference at Akins High School.  Bills are the foundation upon which laws are built. They are formal motions toward enacting new laws or changing existing statutes. The purpose of a bill is to solve specific societal problems in such a manner that it provides an appropriate vehicle through which lawmakers may discuss and improve, and finally enact, changes in the law that reflect community needs and values. Filing a bill exposes issues of paramount importance to the legislature related to public health, education, economic development, or issues on social justice, which would consequently raise necessary debates amongst lawmakers, various other stakeholders, and the general public. 

Bills ensure good governance by way of transparency and accountability. They create ways in which ordinary citizens may have engagements in legislative processes and avenues through which public input and arguments are ensured. It is in this engagement that diverse consideration of proposed laws for their impacts on various segments of society is ensured. After approval by the legislature, the bill now becomes law with the right of the government to roll out new regulations, disburse appropriate resources, and apply enforcement. In all, bills remain one of the most critical tools in the design of the rule of law in society, democratic participation, and response to emerging challenges for adapting laws so that they are relevant and effective in the service of the common good.

Our Future Advocates

By Chloe Narvaez, John Marshall High School

As we know, the class of 2025 will be graduating in just a few months. They are obviously important roles for our upcoming future but what about the students who will be following them? It’s also important to hear their stories, lessons learned, and experiences in Mock Trial.

This student Angela Yepes is a Junior at Marshall and recently played the role of a judge in District competition ‘24. This has affected Angela in many ways, one being who she has surrounded herself with school wise. She says that her friend group comes from Mock Trial, she says they are close because of Mock Trial and it is something that helps them grow and learn together as close friends.

“I just feel like I’m more like, I’m more prepared for professional situations, so for my future, whenever I get a job etc.”

Angela says that Mock Trial has taught her to speak more professionally, become more comfortable in professional/serious settings, and just how to be more proper in general. She also says that Mock Trial has helped her feel more connected with other people in her classes, especially in the teamwork and collaboration part of it.

“Because when you’re an attorney for the past two years, you’re depending on other people to do their work, and they are depending on you, in turn, to do your own work. So it really taught me that I have to be responsible with my time, not only just for myself, but for others.”-Angela Yepes

While law is not a main focus in her future, Mock Trial has been something she says she feels interested to go into in the future, whether her senior year or in college.

“It definitely taught me that law might be something I’m interested in. It showed me that although I do feel a lot of pressure in that area, it is exciting to be in the courtroom, and I would actually really like to be in the courtroom in the future.”- Anegla Yepes

In conclusion, being in Mock Trial can help students by tapping into their skills, building confidence, and fostering a more complex understanding of the legal process. It also equips them with valuable life lessons and skills that they may even use in the courtroom 25 years from now. To end off the essay let me include the impactful words of advice from Anegla Yepes.

“Even though we’re all striving to get better scores than each other, we all have to remember to respect each other, and that in the end, we’re probably going to be working with each other so we should learn right now. We should learn and grow together, and should just focus on having fun too.”- Angela Yepes

Contrasting Experiences: Senior vs. Freshman viewpoints in Mock Trial

Contrasting Experiences: Senior vs. Freshman viewpoints in MockTrial

By Chloe Narvaez, John Marshall High School

It’s obvious that some experiences and journeys for Mock Trial can be different for everyone, especially between freshmen, and seniors/vets. It’s easy to think that one person’s opinions about Mock Trial can dictate the whole team’s view, but that’s not exactly true. For example let’s hear about Seniors Noah Willet, and Shane-David Burkeys opinions about District ‘24.

Seniors Noah and Shane-David come from Regents School of Austin, and their case was a case of negligence to a diners peanut allergy in a restaurant. While Noah was a defense attorney in this role he concluded the restaurant not guilty, and Shane-David who was defense and plaintiff in his role believes that the restaurant is liable. Comparing this to our freshman Daynira Esquivel who comes from John Marshall high school, she plays the role of a delivery driver for said restaurant and she pleads not guilty due to the fact that she was not the one responsible for the restaurant’s negligence.

“Well I’m the defense attorney, and I think that the restaurant isn’t guilty.”-Noah Willet

“…My role in this case was peppermint, which is the delivery driver for Herbs

Haven…My side of the debate would be not guilty, because the restaurant Herbs Haven failed to give the proper protocols and procedures for the negligence of the peanuts and that was out of my control.”-Dayanira Esquivel

Now while the three students all have different roles as far as the case goes, they both seem to have the same opinions on other things such as presentability. Both sides believe that proper and professional attire, strong speech, body language and behavior are very important factors to your image and how you present yourself to others around you. Both sides agreed that fashion and body language is an especially important factor.

“…You want to look formal  for this case, you have to treat districts as if it was the actual court case, like in real life, as if youre watching one of those documentaries where they are in the courtroom, giving an actual case, you have to take it seriously and professionally.”-Dayanira Esquivel

“If you’re wearing inappropriate clothing and you’re not being kind, then you’re going to get worse scores and you’re going to be less thought of so.”- Noah Willet

“How you present yourself, it says more about you than the case.”- Shane-David Burkey

While that is something the two sides agree on, the one thing they seem to see differently is the efficiency and system of running the comp. I myself don’t have much to say about the system but while our freshman Daynira has a good time, our seniors Noah and Shane-David have a different view.

“No, no…there should be no delay in who’s in what room and on what side. You shouldn’t be getting that information the morning of that information can be made available days before.”-Noah Willet

“At state you have second day ranked matchmaking, but here it’s all random, so there should be no delay.”- Shane-David Burkey

“The system would make me want to return because I realized that doing district was very very fun, and a great way to meet new people.”-Dayanira Esquivel

And while I only talked to these lovely folks for about 5 minutes each, it made me realize that the district competition is all about being grateful for experience and lessons, either for the first time or the fourth. In conclusion the senior and freshman experiences can illustrate the growth and development of the two classes. Seniors often lead with their own refined skills while freshmen bring in new viewpoints and enthusiasm. This simple dynamic can highlight the importance of mentorship and continuous improvement in Mock Trial and Texas Youth and Government as a whole.

Rural Care in Despair

Delegate Sofia Domingeuz-Trejo, a passionate representative for proposal No.1 and member of Texas Y&G State Affairs, ushers herself to the podium along with her a movement of change. Upon her opening statement, the young delegate revealed her meticulous preparation of the presented proposal and the various beneficial consequences once the bill is approved.

Ms. Dominguez-Trejo presents the proposal, stating, “There are few things one can do without their health, you can’t work, partake in the things that bring you joy, or sustain your family…Texas has the highest risks of rural hospital closure out of any other state in the nation,
and it also has the highest rural population of any other state in the nation”. Delegate Dominguez-Trejo continues to advocate passionately for the accessibility of healthcare and Medicaid for rural citizens, a growing population in Texas, and provides logistics of current treatment availability as well as demographic, “In 2022, the risk of rural hospital closure was found to be 26%, this is up 10% to one year prior, rural hospital closure was up 16%”.

Dominguez-Trejo’s plan includes a 3-pronged approach: first, expand Medicare and Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, allowing an expansion of total allotment for these hospitals, as well as increasing the total number of insured rural citizens. Secondly, a committee
that is open to average citizens, including donors, marketing people, etc., should be installed to promote discussion of the importance of rural hospitals. Lastly, expand telehealth access, “the use of communications technologies to provide health care at a distance,” as defined by the National Institute of
Biomedical Imagining and Bioengineering (NIBIB) across the state.

Following the young delegate’s opening statements, Dominguez-Trejo effortlessly reciprocates fellow peers’ questions. Delegate Germany Herrera inquires, “You mentioned in your proposal of action this would increase the total allotment for hospitals. What is the current allotment?… You also mentioned, in your proposal, the implementation of telehealth, and considering telehealth can sometimes come with barriers because of the online aspect, how will your proposal combat this?”. Dominguez then provides an estimated bracket of the allotment being approximately 5-7 hundred million dollars and would increase from the estimate in the following years. The young delegate answers Herrera’s second inquiry by explaining Congress’ push to expand internet access to all residents of Texas. Ms. Dominguez-Trejo concludes her proposal by reiterating the significance of establishing Medicare and Medicaid for rural citizens, addressing con statements questioning the financial effects of her proposal. The young delegate states, “…I had many [con speakers] explaining that Medicare would be too much of a burden and did not work. However, I know people who receive all of their healthcare from Medicare and Medicaid. I see what it does for them”. The young delegate persists, “For people in the lower socioeconomic bracket…this is the only way for them to receive healthcare…And anything that impacts and helps people go by is good”. Finalizing her conclusion, delegate Dominguez-Trejo left the decision for an improved healthcare system across rural areas of In the hands of her peers and nearly the entire auditorium, Texas voted in favor of the proposal. This young woman is bringing change to poor rural healthcare systems in Texas, one proposal at a time.

Written by: Amina Omar Ahmed

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